Name of the
paper: ELT
Roll no: 07
Topic: How
to teach four skills [listening, speaking, reading, writing]
Prepared by:
Dipti Vaghela
Submitted
to: Department of English M.K.B. University
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~ Preface
Language is one type of system which is
created by man for communication. We can express our feelings, ideas through
language.
What is the
system of Language
Language as
one type of skill.
Language as skill rather than a subject
because it is the matter of doing than knowing. A child learns language by
acquiring the spoken word. Then he tries to reproduce the sound which he has
heard. Then the ability to read and write is matter of literacy.
We acquire language through four skills
as under,
~ What is
LSRW?
~ How to develop
Listening skill?
This skill is passive in nature, or
‘Receptive skill’. There are three main mechanics of listening skill as under,
1) How to seat?
2) How to listen?
3) How to answer the questions?
~ The
techniques of developing listening skill.
∎
Presenting short stories, events, narration, passages, experiences, etc
according to age and interest of the pupils.
∎
Using audio-visual aids for narration or description like T.V, radio, etc.
∎Teacher will try to arrange English speech including stress and intonation
patterns.
∎ Teacher uttering pairs of words and pupils say
whether they are same or different, e.g.
Teacher: ship/ ship
Student:
same
Teacher:
sheep/ ship
Student:
different
∎ Teacher speaks line with stress and intonation, e.g.
Teacher: You
have a rupee.
Student:
simple sentence
Teacher:
You have a rupee?
Student:
Question
∎ Teacher can give various commands and the pupils
perform the activities, e.g.
-
Open the door.
-
Put your books on the table.
-
Close the window.
∎ Teacher sing a song which include simple words and
then ask some questions to the students.
∎ Teacher can use different records and cassettes for
such listening practice.
∎ Teacher can show some selected movies to the students
and then ask some questions regarding the movie.
Thus we
can say that it is very useful skill as language learner. Then now let’s know
about speaking skill.
~
How to develop Speaking skill?
The
speaking skill is active in nature or ‘Productive’. While developing speaking
skill, the student will be able to as under,
1)
Use appropriate words and structures of the
language.
2)
Use appropriate stress and intonation
patterns in their speech.
3)
Recall words and structures quickly which
they have heard and mastered while speaking.
4)
Organize their thoughts, ideas, feelings,
experiences in order of logical sequence.
5)
Adjust and express the speech with proper
pronunciation, speed, pitch, pause and modulation of voice.
~ The techniques of
developing speaking skill.
∎ Teacher give the topics
to students before some times and then the student speaks on that topic for
more than five minutes.
∎ Teacher show some
pictures to the students and students make some sentences about that picture as
under,
⇨There are three penguins
in this picture.
⇨They are playing
together.
⇨Their colors are black
and white.
∎The student can be asked
to narrate certain public places in term of its functions and activities for
ex, post office, bank, hospital, etc.
∎The student can be asked
to share their ideas and experiences regarding some incidents.
∎Teacher can arranges the
elocution competition, discussion, dialogues, etc.
∎Teacher give demo to
recite some poetry and then students imitate their teacher.
Thus any teacher can develop the speaking skill in their students
through these techniques. So now let’s understand reading skill.
~ How to develop Reading
skill?
The reading skill is passive in nature and receptive also. This
skill is also regarded as ‘Graphic Motors skill’. There are some mechanics of
reading skill as under,
1)
Reading a paragraph or a passage with
proper pronunciation, stress, pitch, intonation and normal speed.
2)
Reading a passage or lesson with proper
punctuation marks, gestures and modulation of voice.
3)
Understand the meaning of the words,
phrases and sentences of the passage of lesson.
4)
Will comprehend the meaning of difficult
words from the context.
5)
Will read silently without moving the lips in
the case of silent reading.
6)
Will make a summary of the important points
of the passage.
~ Techniques of developing
Reading skill.
∎Providing opportunities
of reading textual words, sentences, paragraph with utterances of sounds,
punctuation marks, intonation, stress, articulation, etc.
∎Suggest unseen passages.
∎Prepared flash-cards
containing isolated words, sentences and paragraphs.
∎Teacher can use some
paragraphs from the book and asking the pupils to read them.
∎Teacher will provide
practice in oral reading selecting suitable paragraphs and passages.
∎Teacher will provide
practice in silent reading.
∎Teacher suggest the
pupils for extra reading which through they can increase their vocabulary.
∎Teacher will provide some
selected poems and tell them to recite it.
∎Try to arrange some
competitions related with reading skill.
Thus, we can say that this skill is very important to learn any language.
Now let’s understand writing skill and how to develop in students?
~ How to develop writing
skill?
Writing skill is productive and active in nature. There are some mechanics
of the writing skill as under,
1)
First asking the pupils to make the scratches
or strokes of equal size,
/
/ / / / / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / /
2)
Asking to the pupils to draw the following
two sets for example,
X
X X X X X X V V V V V
3)
Then asking to the pupils to following sets
of letters for example,
⇨ V V V V V W W W W W
⇨ V V V V V Y
Y Y Y Y
⇨ I I I I I J J J J J
⇨= = = = = Z
Z Z Z Z
4)
Then asking them to write or copy for
example,
⇨ I I I I I I
I I I I
⇨ T T T T T T
T T T T
⇨ O O O O O O
O O O O
⇨ U U U U U U
U U U U
5)
After giving those letters give the
following of letters,
⇨R R R R
R R R R R
⇨S S S S
S S S S S
⇨G G G G
G G G G G
6)
Next step is to teach them the writing of small letters for example,
⇨ a k n m v
⇨ e f h i l t
7)
Next step is tell them to write simple
words for example,
⇨cow
⇨now
⇨good
⇨word
⇨ok
⇨better
8)
Then last one is tell them to write
sentences for example,
⇨I am girl.
⇨Give me your pen.
⇨Sima write a letter.
⇨Rani is singing a song.
⇨Raju is going.
~ The techniques of developing writing skill.
∎ Provide practice in drawing scratches, strokes of
equal size by using systematic copy-book.
∎ Teacher will provide cards or hand written models for
such practice.
∎ Teacher will provide writing practice can be provided
in groups and individually.
∎ Teacher provide the demo of good hand writing to
his/her students.
∎Teacher give some topics and tell them to write on
those topics.
∎ Teacher arrange some competition related with writing
skill.
∎ Teacher provide right path to his/her students to
develop their writing skill.
∎ Teacher show some book of his/her students who has
good hand writing.
Thus,
these all techniques are very useful to teach writing skill in easy way.
~ Sum up
These four
skills are very important in language teaching. And for students methods and
techniques are very important. Here in this assignment I focus on the topic
‘How to teach LSRW? So here I describe various techniques of teaching various
skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing).
If
language teacher use these techniques while teaching LSRW, so students can
easily get it. Thus, if we want to communicate with each other so these skills
are helpful and we must have to learn it.
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Works Cited
English language Teaching. Ahmedabad: Shah S B, 1996-97.
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